5. 段落小結：
第一、第二兩個自然段是本文的第一層意思: 我們注意到了這樣一些副詞：originally......however......today......通過這些副詞的貫穿，我們了解了Unless the consignor(發貨人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收貨人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly, these services are:
6.1 unless 一句我們可以先簡化成:
Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, … = If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …
6.1.1 只有當unless 解釋成 “ 如果不 ” 的時候, 它才可以和 if not 互換句型.
因此, 我們不能隨隨便便地把 unless 翻譯成 “除非” 或者 “如果不”
6.1.2 attend
(1) 及物動詞. 解釋 “出席, 參加” 例如: attend a meeting
(2) 不及物動詞, 介詞的固定搭配往往是 to. 解釋 “注意, 專心, 專注”
例如: attend to one’s work
(3) 其名詞形式. attention 例如: pay attention to
(4) 其形容詞形式. attentive 介詞的搭配還是 to
6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities
(1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手續)
procedural 形容詞, “程序上的”
procedure 名詞, “程序,步驟,過程”
(2) the documentary formalities (單證上的手續)
documentary 形容詞, “單證上的”
documentary 一詞在金融、貿易領域用得比較多,
例如: documentary draft (跟單匯票)
document 名詞或動詞, “單證, 為......提供單證”
(3) formality (正式的手續, 通常用名詞的復數形式表示)
the customs formalities (海關手續)
go through due formalities (經過正式手續)
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
6.1.4 句末的himself 解釋 “親自”, 有強調主語或突出主語行為的作用. 我們可以這樣理解: 如果發貨人或收貨人不想自己親自去辦理那些繁雜手續的話…
6.2 it is ...... 一句我們可以先簡化成:
... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...
6.2.1 it + be + 被強調成分 + that / who ...是強調結構
所謂強調結構就是句子當中要特別強調 "被強調成分", 這里特別強調 the freight forwarder, 字面翻譯也往往加上 “正是,就是”
6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth.
6.2.3 process 這里,我們和這個 process 打交道不是頭一回了:
(1) process 名詞.
process = series of operations deliberately unertaken
例如: distribution process
(2) process 動詞.
process = to prepare and examine in details
例如: process the movement of goods
我們注意到不管這個 process 解釋"程序"也好, 還是解釋"準備,處置"也罷, 在它的英文解釋中都含有審慎的意思. 有的時候中文也有言不達意的地方.
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有: ... through the various stages involved.
6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action
6.2.5 involve 在做動詞時有許多解釋:
(1) 使...陷入,拖累
(2) 包圍,籠罩
(3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以為第三個含義比較符合課文中的意思
7. 句子:
The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:
7.1 我們知道 contract 是合同的意思, 其: 后綴 -or : 執行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指訂約人或承包人.
前綴 sub- : sub- 也有很多意思有"under" 的意思, 我們最熟悉的
submarine (潛水艇)
subway(地鐵)
有附屬的、次要、分、支的意思, 如課文中的subcontract 分包合同, 轉包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部轉包給第三者而簽訂的合同)
subcontractor 承約人,轉包商,次承包者
subagent 副代理人
subcontinent 次大陸
subsonic 亞音速
subroutine 子程序
7.2 關于這個 through :
前句中: ... through the various stages involved.
這個 through = from the beginning to the end of
"自始至終"的意味濃烈 (尤指時間、過程)
本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him.
這個 through 是比較常見的用法,
through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)
through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由)
8. 句子:
He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. 在句子中:
8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 動詞
其名詞有兩個: utility (實用,效用) utilization (利用)
其形容詞: utilizable
9. 這些 his 到底指誰?
(1) it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf ...... his = consignor's or consignee's
(2) ... through subcontractor or other agencies employed by him.
him = a freight forwarder
(3) He is also expected to utilize,...
He = a freight forwarder
(4) ... in this connection, the services of his overseas agents.
his = a freight forwarder's
10. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:
briefly = shortly, in a few words 是 "簡略地說,簡概地說" 的意思貨運代理人的概念，并通過貨運代理服務范圍的演變，對其服務范圍基本上有了一個大概的印象. The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor ( exporter ), would:
Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier.
Book space with the selected carrier.
Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’
Certificate of Receipt (貨運代理收貨證書), the Forwarders’ Certificate of
Transport (貨運代理運輸證書), etc.
Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用證) and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,
the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.
Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.
Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.
Weigh and measure the goods.
Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.
Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.
Attend to foreign exchange transactions (外匯交易), if any.
Pay fees and other charges including freight.
Obtain the signed bills of lading (提單) from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor.
Arrange for transshipment (轉載,轉運) en route if necessary.
Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.
Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.
Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.
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