Employers assume that those they hire know how to perform certain tasks. For example your boss will expect you to know how to write a professional email and answer the phone properly. Those tasks are pretty simple, but others are a bit more complicated—for example apologizing for a mistake. That's not something everyone knows how to do. Here are 8 tasks, some simple and some not, that everyone must master:
雇主們認為有些事情是招來的員工應該知道怎么做的。比如寫專業的商務郵件，有禮數地應答客戶打來的電話等等。這些事情確實很簡單，但還有一些確實不容易的——比如為失誤道歉。不是所有人都知道該如何正確道歉。下面就是八件你會做到的小事，有的簡單有的難，但是每個人都必須能做得游刃有余：
1.Sending a Professional Email
1.發送商務郵件
If you are under the age of 30 it's very likely you have been using email since you've known how to write. What you may not know is that there's a big difference between sending email to your friends and using this medium for work-related correspondence. For example, you may write in all lowercase letters, use slang and abbreviations, and perhaps even let misspellings and bad grammar go by, when sending email to your friends. Those are some of the "do nots" to which you should be attentive when corresponding with coworkers, your boss or clients.
如果你的年齡在30歲以下，那么你很有可能一會寫字就會寫電郵了。但是你不知道的是給朋友寫電郵和給工作伙伴寫電郵完全不是一個feel。比如，給朋友寫電郵時，你可能全部用小寫字母，使用俚語和縮寫，甚至拼寫出錯，語法混亂。這些都是你給工作伙伴，顧客和老板寫郵件所萬萬不能夠的。
2.Writing a Memo or Business Letter
2.寫備忘錄或商業信函
It's hard to imagine having to send a paper copy of a memo or letter instead of an email, but it could happen. In case it ever does, you should know how to do it properly.
很難想象不發電郵而是寫信或是做備忘，但是這事可能發生。為了處理得當，get新技能吧。
3.Answering the Telephoned and Making Phone Calls
3.接打電話的方式
You've been making and receiving phone calls your entire life. Of course you know how to do this very simple task: you pick up the phone and say hello (or if making a call, you ask for the person to whom you want to speak). That's fine for personal phone calls but not for business calls. When you answer a call you should always identify yourself by name and state the name of your department or company. Give your name to the person who answers the phone when you are the caller and then tell him or her who you are trying to reach.
你這輩子，都離不開打電話接電話。你當然知道這事兒有多簡單：拿起電話說聲嗨(或者打電話過去說讓誰接)。私人電話這么打當然沒問題，但絕不適用于商務電話。接商務電話時，你需要陳述自己的姓名，說出公司和部門。所以要告訴接電話人你的名字，并告知他你想找誰。
4.Making Introductions
4.自我介紹
When you meet someone new it is polite to introduce yourself to him or her. It is also polite to introduce people to one another. In a work-related situation it is always best to use first and last names. For example, say "Hello. I'm Mary Smith" when you meet someone for the first time. You can also do this when you run into someone you've met before but whose name you don't remember. In that case, you can add "I know we've met before but I'm afraid I've forgotten your name." Chances are they don't remember yours either! When introducing others say, for example, "John Jones, I'd like you to meet Peter Smith."
當你見到一個新人時，自我介紹是禮貌地體現。為別人互相介紹也是同理。在工作場合，介紹出姓和名是最合宜的。比如在初次見面，說：“你好，我是馬麗·史密斯。”當你遇到那些你曾經見過卻記不起名字的人，也可以用這招。這種狀況下你要加上一句：“我記得我們見過的，但我這人好忘事，請問您叫?”可能他們也不記得你!介紹別人時，可以這樣說：“約翰·瓊斯，來認識一下彼得·史密斯吧。
5.Taking Minutes at a Meeting
5.會議記錄
Many jobs involve attending meetings, at least occasionally. Often it is required that written records, called minutes. At some point, the person running the meeting may turn to you to take these minutes. This will require keeping track of attendees and carefully taking notes of all discussions. You will also have to type up the minutes after the meeting.
很多工作都要經歷文山會海，至少是經常性的。會議里通常要做會議記錄，學名叫做minutes。有時候會議主持人會需要你做會議記錄，這就需要你具備密切關注參會者及詳細記錄所有討論筆記的能力。在會議結束后你同樣需要將會議記錄整理成文打印出來。
6.Writing a 'To Do' List
6.做得一手好計劃
Most jobs involve juggling multiple tasks. The best way to keep track of all of them is to keep a to do list. Write down all the tasks for which you are responsible, prioritized by the order in which you must complete them. Include due dates. Whether you use a smart phone app, computer software or a piece of paper, make sure you can either check off or cross out items as you complete them.
大多數工作是由很多個任務集合而成的。跟進所有任務的最好辦法就是做計劃。寫下你要負責的所有任務，將他們按緊急程度排序，并且附上截止日期。無論你用手機應用，電腦軟件還是寫在紙上做計劃，都要保證做完一項劃掉一項。
7.Apologizing for a Mistake
7.為犯錯道歉
In order to apologize for a mistake, you will have to admit you made it. That's a hard thing to do but it's necessary. It is imperative that you act quickly—as soon as you realize your error, talk to your boss or whomever it will effect. Try to have a plan in mind to correct the mistake.
為了道好歉，就一定學會先承認是自己犯的錯。這很棘手但又很必要。及時道歉是勢在必行的，這能表明你知錯就改的好品行，所以跟相關上司或老板聊聊吧。以防萬一，為糾正錯誤提前找一個補救方案吧。
8.Calling in Sick
8.請病假
No one likes getting sick but, even more than that, most people hate calling in sick. A precarious job market has led us to believe our presence at the office (or wherever your workplace happens to be) is of the utmost importance. While it is true that you shouldn't take sick days unnecessarily, you should try to avoid infecting your coworkers—stay home if you have a something they could catch! A phone call is usually the best way to inform your boss of your absence but make sure to follow your employer's notification procedures.
沒人喜歡得病，更沒人喜歡給上司請病假。在不穩定的就業市場中，我們都知道有辦公室坐(或者不管你的工作場所在哪)是多么重要的事情。雖然不必要的請假是惡劣的，但把病傳染給同事是件遭人恨的事情——得了傳染病就好好跟家養著吧!打一個電話是告訴老板你請假的最好方式，但是要遵循好請假的程序，不要越級請假。
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